Night terrors and nightmares

Night terrors and nightmares are different and happen at different stages of sleep.

During a night terror you may talk and move about but are asleep. It's rare to remember having a night terror.

Nightmares are bad dreams you wake up from and can remember.

Night terrors are most common in children between the ages of 3 and 8, while nightmares can affect both children and adults.

If you cannot move or speak as you wake up or fall asleep, you may have sleep paralysis. This is not the same as having a night terror.

Common causes of night terrors and nightmares include:

• being very tired or unwell
• sudden noises at night or needing to pee during the night (which can affect your deep sleep)
• something that's frightened you (such as watching a scary film) or made you stressed, anxious or worried

They can also be caused by:

• taking certain medicines, such as antidepressants
• conditions that affect sleep, such as restless legs syndrome or sleep apnoea
• mental health conditions, such as generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)
• conditions that affect the brain, such as Parkinson's disease
• a severe injury (your sleep may be disturbed for 4 to 6 weeks afterwards)

Night terrors are more common in people with family members who have had night terrors or who sleepwalk.

• your child continues having nightmares after the age of 6
• your child is having frequent nightmares, or nightmares caused by an upsetting or frightening event
• your child continues having night terrors after the age of 12
• your child starts having night terrors after the age of 5
• you're having regular nightmares that are affecting your sleep and everyday life

For most people, night terrors and nightmares get better on their own.

If you or your child are having night terrors or nightmares, there are things you can try to help.

• try having a relaxing bedtime routine

• keep a sleep diary – including how long you or your child sleep for, how long it takes you to fall asleep and how you feel the next day – to help identify any causes

• try to deal with things that might be causing stress or anxiety

During a night terror, you should:

• stay calm and wait for the person to calm down
• do not talk to them or try to stop them moving about, unless there's a risk they could hurt themselves or someone else
• do not try to wake them – they may not recognise you and may get more upset if you try to comfort them

If they're having a night terror at the same time every night, try waking them up 15 minutes before the night terror every night for 2 weeks. This may stop the night terrors happening.

Treatment for night terrors and nightmares depends on what may be causing them.

Psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can help children and adults who have frequent nightmares.

CBT may also help with conditions such as anxiety or insomnia that can cause night terrors or nightmares.

If you're having nightmares caused by a traumatic event, a GP may recommend psychological treatment such as counselling.

If you have a condition that affects your sleep, treatment will usually involve trying to manage the condition better.

Nightmares are bad dreams you wake up from and can remember. If you have night terrors, you may move about, talk or scream while still asleep.

Things you can try to help night terrors or nightmares include a relaxing bedtime routine and keeping a sleep diary to find out what the cause may be.

Treatments for nightmares can include counselling and managing any conditions that affect your sleep.

Common causes of night terrors and nightmares include being very tired, stressed or anxious, or conditions such as restless legs syndrome.