Missed or late periods

Many women will have missed or late periods at some time. Missed or late periods can affect anyone who has periods.

Common causes of a missed or late period include:

• being pregnant
• stress
• the start of menopause (perimenopause), usually between the ages of 45 and 55
• polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) – which used to be called polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• sudden weight loss
• being overweight
• doing too much exercise
• using certain hormonal methods of contraception, such as the contraceptive pill, contraceptive injection or IUS (intrauterine system)
• breastfeeding

Sometimes the gap between your periods may just vary each time. Your periods might come early or late. This is known as having irregular periods.

Periods can also sometimes stop as a result of a medical condition, such as heart disease, diabetes, or an overactive thyroid or underactive thyroid.

• you've missed your period 3 times in a row
• your periods have not started by the time you're 15
• you've missed your period and have other symptoms like weight gain or weight loss, tiredness, hair growth on your face, and dry or oily skin
• your periods have become irregular

Treatment for late or missed period depends on what is causing it.

A GP will ask about your health and may do some blood tests to find out the cause of your missed or late periods.

They may refer you to a specialist (gynaecologist or endocrinologist) if you need more tests or scans to find out what's causing you to miss your periods.

Examples of treatments include:

• the combined contraceptive pill to help make your periods more regular if you have a condition like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), now known as polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS)
• hormone replacement therapy (HRT) if you are starting menopause (perimenopause)

A GP can also provide advice or therapy to help you reduce stress and help you to maintain a healthy weight.

Causes of missed or late periods include pregnancy, the start of menopause, stress, PMOS and some types of contraception.

Treatment for missed or late periods depends on the cause. Treatments include the combined contraceptive pill, hormone therapy and lifestyle changes.